§ Barycentric subdivision: edge length decreases
For a edge E, subdiving the edges into two at the center produces two edges
both 1/2 the original length. Given a triangle T, we wish to prove that
subdividing the triangle by joining the barycenter to the vertices reduces edge
length by 2/3 of the maximum length. More generally, we wish to show that the
edge length decreases to n/(n+1) of the largest length for an n dimensional
figure.
The barycenter is at the location b≡1/n∑ivi. The distance
from a vertex vk is ∣∣vj−b∣∣=∣∣vk−(1/n∑ivi)∣∣=∣∣1/n(∑ivk−vi)∣∣.
By Cauchy Schwarz, we have that ∣∣vj−b∣∣≤1/n∣∣∑ivk−vi∣∣. One of the terms,
where k=i will be zero, and the other (n-1) terms are at most l, the length of the longest edge.
This gives ∣∣vj−b∣∣≤(n−1)l/n, hence the edge length decreases by a factor of (n−1)/n.