§ Induction on natural numbers cannot be derived from other axioms
The idea is to consider a model of the naturals that obeys all axioms other than induction,
and to then show how this model fails to be a model of induction. Thus, induction
does not follow from the peano aximos minus the induction axiom. We build a model of naturals as M≡N∪{∗}
where we define the successor on M as
succ(n∈N)=n+1 and succ(∗)=∗. Now let's try to prove P(m)≡succ(m)=m for all m∈M.
P(0) holds as succ(0)=1=0. It is also true that if P(m), then P(m+1). However,
it is NOT true that ∀m∈M,P(m) since it does not hold for ∗∈M. So we really do need
induction as an axiom to rule out other things.