Consider the tripe (temperature, pressure, humidity) at a point. If we rotate the picture by 60 degrees, the triple does not change .

Now consider the direction of wind at a point. If we rotate the picture by 60 degrees, the components of the wind vector change with our rotation.

Thus:

a vector is something that transforms like a vector.

To be more precise, I can phrase it as:

A vector iss (is and only is) something that transforms like a vector.

Generalization to tensors is left as an exercise for the reader.