§ Big list of Italian Learning
- Plugin to get italian on YT videos: Language Reactor
§ Mnemonic for Italian Prepositions
-
di-a-da-in-con-su-per-tra-fra
“Di is ‘of’, a is ‘to’,
Da means ‘from’, that’s true.
In is ‘in’, and con is ‘with’,
Su is ‘on’—as on a cliff.
Per is ‘for’, or purpose-bound,
Tra/fra are ‘between’ or ‘round’.
§ Examples from Life
- I think I love you / malate per tu: sick for you.
- Pan di stelle (bread of stars)
- Vengo da Roma, e tu? (I come from Rome, and you?)
- a: at, to, in
§ From Tutorial
- "di:" "of" (and sometimes "from").
- "a": which means "at, to, & in".
- "da": "from".
- "in": "in" and sometimes "to".
- "su": "on"
§ Poem Example
- [ [Di ] ] mattina presto, il canto [ [di ] ] un gallo, ( [ [Of ] ] early morning, the song [ [of ] ] a rooster)
- Mi sveglia [ [a ] ] valle, vicino al ruscello. (Wakes me [ [at ] ] the valley, near the stream)
- Cammino [ [da ] ] casa con passo leggero, (I walk [ [from ] ] home with a light step)
- Entro [ [in ] ] piazza col cuore sincero. (I enter [ [in ] ] the square with a sincere heart)
- Parlo [ [con ] ] Gina che cuoce il ragù, (I speak [ [with ] ] Gina who’s cooking ragù)
- Seduto [ [su ] ] legno, nel sole laggiù. (Seated [ [on ] ] wood, in the sun down below)
- Un dono [ [per ] ] te, un sorriso gentile, (A gift [ [for ] ] you, a kind little smile)
- [ [Tra ] ] case antiche, [ [fra ] ] vigne tranquille. ( [ [Between ] ] old houses, [ [among ] ] quiet vines)
§ Rhyming examples
- Di-a-da (hindi song), in-con, su-per, tra-fra.
- Di(of): La casa di Gianni è blu. (Gianni's house is blue)
- A(at): Vado a scuola alle due (I go to school at 2)
- Da(from): Vengo da Roma, e tu? (I come from Rome, and you?)
- In(in): Sono in cucina, non più (I'm in the kitchen, no more)
- Con(with): Parlo con Marco al bambù (I talk with Marco at the bamboo)
- Su(on): Il libro è su quella gru (the book is on that crane)
- Per(for): Questo è per te, è un debut (This is for you, it's a debut)
- Tra/fra(between): Tra/fra le nuvole, non è blu (Between the clouds, it's not blue)
§ Sentence Examples
§ di-a-da (hindi song)
- di: of. Tre litre di vino [Three liters of wine. ]
- di: of (Mostra del fromaggio = Mostra de il fromaggio = monster of the cheese)
- a: to
- da: from
§ in-con
- in: in [in spagna ]
- con: with [latte con zucchero ]
§ su-per!
- su: on. Un ponte sul fiume [the bridge on the river ]
- per: for??? Dictionary is a mess.
§ tra-fra
- tra: between
- fra: between
§ Italian words of less than or equal to three letters
§ Recall Prepositions
- di: from (Io sono di Roma: I am from rome)
- a: to/at (Io vado a Roma: I go to rome)
- da: by/from/since (Studio da solo: I study alone)
- in: in (sono in casa: I am in home)
- con: with (latte con zucchero: milk with sugar)
- su: on (la foto su la scrivania: the photo on the desk)
- per for (morire per te: Die for you, Italiano per stranieri: Italian for foreigners)
§ Essential Core (Grammar, Pronouns, Key Verbs & Conjunctions)
- a : to / at
- è : is (he/she/it)
- il : the (masculine singular)
- la : the (feminine singular) / her / it
- non : not / no
- che : that / what / who / which
- si : himself / herself / itself / themselves / one (impersonal)
- un : a / one (masculine)
- per : for / through
- con : with
- ma : but
- io : I
- ho : have (I)
- ha : has (he/she/it)
- le : the (feminine plural) / them (feminine)
- da : from / by
- me : me (stressed pronoun)
- ti : you (object pronoun, atonic)
- te : you (stressed object pronoun)
- ci : us / there
- lo : the (masculine singular before s+consonant, z, etc.) / him / it
- tu : you (subject pronoun, singular informal)
- lui : he / him
- lei : she / her / you (formal singular)
- noi : we / us
- voi : you (plural/formal singular in some regions)
- del : of the (contracted)
- al : to the (contracted)
- nel : in the (contracted)
- sul : on the (contracted)
- una : a / one (feminine)
- uno : a / one (masculine)
- gli : the (masculine plural before vowel, s+cons, etc.) / to him / to them
- se : if / whether
- dei : of the (contracted, plural)
- ai : to the (contracted, plural)
- dal : from the (contracted, plural)
- nei : in the (contracted, plural)
- sui : on the (contracted, plural)
- col : with the (contracted)
- coi : with the (contracted)
- co' : with the (contracted, less common form)
§ Highly Frequent & Everyday Words (Common Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs, Interjections)
- fa : does / makes (he/she/it) [fare ]
- va : goes (he/she/it)
- sa : knows (he/she/it) [sapere ]
- so : know (I) [sapere ]
- sta : is / stays (he/she/it)
- sto : stay (I)
- dà : gives (he/she/it) [dare ]
- sei : six / are (you, singular informal)
- fai : do / make (you, singular informal)
- amo : I love
- era : was (he/she/it, imperfect) / era (time period)
- ero : was (I, imperfect)
- fui : was (I, past historic)
- fu : was (he/she/it, past historic)
- sia : may be / be it (subjunctive)
- sii : be! (imperative, singular informal)
- mio : my (masculine singular)
- mia : my (feminine singular)
- tuo : your (masculine singular, informal)
- tua : your (feminine singular, informal)
- suo : his / her / its (masculine singular)
- sua : his / her / its (feminine singular)
- sé : himself / herself / itself / themselves (reflexive stressed)
- sì : yes
- no : no
- poi : then
- qui : here
- qua : here
- ora : hour / now
- mai : never
- via : street / way / away!
- ben : well
- mal : bad / evil
- ah : ah!
- oh : oh!
- eh : eh!
- beh : well...
- mo' : now (colloquial)
- po' : a little (colloquial for 'poco')
- ehi : hey!
- chi : who
- tre : three
- due : two
- dio : god
- ore : hours
- cui : whose / whom / which (relative pronoun)
- dir : to say / to tell (infinitive, often as "il dire") [dire ]
- far : to do / to make (infinitive, often as "il fare")
- don : gift / Don (title)
- san : Saint (before consonant)
- re : king / re (musical note)
- do : I give / do (musical note)
- ve : you (plural object pronoun, atonic)
§ Common & Widely Understood Words
- bar : bar (cafe/pub)
- sud : south
- blu : blue
- bus : bus
- gas : gas
- oro : gold
- sci : ski
- tè : tea
- ago : needle
- ala : wing
- ape : bee
- eco : echo
- ego : ego
- gol : goal (sports)
- neo : mole (on skin) / neo- (prefix)
- oca : goose
- pro : pro (in favor of)
- sol : sun (poetic) / G (musical note)
- sub : diver / sub- (prefix)
- usa : uses (he/she/it uses)
- uso : use / custom / I use
- uva : grape / grapes (collective)
- zoo : zoo
- zia : aunt
- zio : uncle
- ira : wrath
- est : east
- eta : age
- fon : hair dryer
- gin : gin (drink)
- gru : crane (machine/bird)
- ics : X (the letter)
- mie : my (feminine plural)
- tue : your (feminine plural, informal)
- sue : his / her / its (feminine plural)
- ali : wings
- api : bees
- bel : beautiful (masculine singular, before consonant)
- bei : beautiful (masculine plural)
- oli : oils
- omo- : omo- (prefix, e.g., omosessuale)
- pan- : pan- (prefix, e.g., panitaliano)
- osa : dares (he/she/it dares)
- osi : dare (you dare, singular informal)
- oso : daring / I dare
- son : sound / bran
§ Moderately Frequent or More Context-Specific Words
- alt : halt! (command)
- ara : altar / (he/she/it) ploughs
- bai : bay horses (plural)
- bue : ox
- bui : dark (plural adjective)
- dia : may (he/she/it) give (subjunctive)
- use : may (he/she/it) use (subjunctive of usare)
- usi : customs / habits / (you) use