§ Certifying Hardware Model Checking by Emily Zhengqi Yu


An illustration of this is demonstrated by IC3/PDR and interpolationbased
model checking, which offer inductive invariants that can be utilized
directly as certificates due to their algorithmic properties. Conversely,
other techniques like k-induction do not possess such feature. More
specifically, temporal induction, also referred to as k-induction, is a
powerful model checking technique that operates through two primary stages.
Firstly, a bounded model checking check is carried out to verify whether the
property holds from initialization for a set number of k time steps.
Subsequently, the inductive step is executed to confirm that if the property
holds consecutively for k steps, it will continue to hold for the successor
states.