• Plugin to get italian on YT videos: Language Reactor

§ Essere Conjugations

• io sono
• tu sei
• lui/lei è
• noi siamo
• voi siete
• loro sono

§ Avere Conjugations

• io ho
• tu hai
• lui/leo ha
• noi abbiamo
• voi avete
• loro hanno

§ Stare Conjugatiions

• io sto
• tu stai
• lu/lei sta
• noi staiamo
• voi state
• loro stanno

§ Mnemonic for Italian Pronous

• Noi [We ] : "No, it's not just 'I,' that's plain to see, When it means WE, say NOI with glee!"
• Voi [You all ]: "When YOU ALL speak with a single VOICE, VOI is the pronoun, make that choice!"
• Loro [They ]: "Like noble LORDs and ladies, from a tale of yore, LORO means THEY, and nothing more!"

§ Mnemonic for Italian Prepositions

• di-a-da-in-con-su-per-tra-fra

“Di is ‘of’, a is ‘to’, Da means ‘from’, that’s true. In is ‘in’, and con is ‘with’, Su is ‘on’—as on a cliff. Per is ‘for’, or purpose-bound, Tra/fra are ‘between’ or ‘round’.

§ Examples from Life

• I think I love you / malate per tu: sick for you.
• Pan di stelle (bread of stars)
• Vengo da Roma, e tu? (I come from Rome, and you?)
• a: at, to, in

§ From Tutorial

• "di:" "of" (and sometimes "from").
• "a": which means "at, to, & in".
• "da": "from".
• "in": "in" and sometimes "to".
• "su": "on"

§ Poem Example

• [ [Di ] ] mattina presto, il canto [ [di ] ] un gallo, ( [ [Of ] ] early morning, the song [ [of ] ] a rooster)
• Mi sveglia [ [a ] ] valle, vicino al ruscello. (Wakes me [ [at ] ] the valley, near the stream)
• Cammino [ [da ] ] casa con passo leggero, (I walk [ [from ] ] home with a light step)
• Entro [ [in ] ] piazza col cuore sincero. (I enter [ [in ] ] the square with a sincere heart)
• Parlo [ [con ] ] Gina che cuoce il ragù, (I speak [ [with ] ] Gina who’s cooking ragù)
• Seduto [ [su ] ] legno, nel sole laggiù. (Seated [ [on ] ] wood, in the sun down below)
• Un dono [ [per ] ] te, un sorriso gentile, (A gift [ [for ] ] you, a kind little smile)
• [ [Tra ] ] case antiche, [ [fra ] ] vigne tranquille. ( [ [Between ] ] old houses, [ [among ] ] quiet vines)

§ Rhyming examples

• Di-a-da (hindi song), in-con, su-per, tra-fra.
• Di(of): La casa di Gianni è blu. (Gianni's house is blue)
• A(at): Vado a scuola alle due (I go to school at 2)
• Da(from): Vengo da Roma, e tu? (I come from Rome, and you?)
• In(in): Sono in cucina, non più (I'm in the kitchen, no more)
• Con(with): Parlo con Marco al bambù (I talk with Marco at the bamboo)
• Su(on): Il libro è su quella gru (the book is on that crane)
• Per(for): Questo è per te, è un debut (This is for you, it's a debut)
• Tra/fra(between): Tra/fra le nuvole, non è blu (Between the clouds, it's not blue)

§ Sentence Examples

§ di-a-da (hindi song)

• di: of. Tre litre di vino [Three liters of wine. ]
• di: of (Mostra del fromaggio = Mostra de il fromaggio = monster of the cheese)
• a: to
• da: from

§ in-con

• in: in [in spagna ]
• con: with [latte con zucchero ]

§ su-per!

• su: on. Un ponte sul fiume [the bridge on the river ]
• per: for??? Dictionary is a mess.

§ tra-fra

• tra: between
• fra: between

§ Italian words of less than or equal to three letters

§ Recall Prepositions

• di: from (Io sono di Roma: I am from rome)
• a: to/at (Io vado a Roma: I go to rome)
• da: by/from/since (Studio da solo: I study alone)
• in: in (sono in casa: I am in home)
• con: with (latte con zucchero: milk with sugar)
• su: on (la foto su la scrivania: the photo on the desk)
• per for (morire per te: Die for you, Italiano per stranieri: Italian for foreigners)

§ Essential Core (Grammar, Pronouns, Key Verbs & Conjunctions)

• a : to / at
• è : is (he/she/it)
• il : the (masculine singular)
• la : the (feminine singular) / her / it
• non : not / no
• che : that / what / who / which
• si : himself / herself / itself / themselves / one (impersonal)
• un : a / one (masculine)
• per : for / through
• con : with
• ma : but
• io : I
• ho : have (I)
• ha : has (he/she/it)
• le : the (feminine plural) / them (feminine)
• da : from / by
• me : me (stressed pronoun)
• ti : you (object pronoun, atonic)
• te : you (stressed object pronoun)
• ci : us / there
• lo : the (masculine singular before s+consonant, z, etc.) / him / it
• tu : you (subject pronoun, singular informal)
• lui : he / him
• lei : she / her / you (formal singular)
• noi : we / us
• voi : you (plural/formal singular in some regions)
• del : of the (contracted)
• al : to the (contracted)
• nel : in the (contracted)
• sul : on the (contracted)
• una : a / one (feminine)
• uno : a / one (masculine)
• gli : the (masculine plural before vowel, s+cons, etc.) / to him / to them
• se : if / whether
• dei : of the (contracted, plural)
• ai : to the (contracted, plural)
• dal : from the (contracted, plural)
• nei : in the (contracted, plural)
• sui : on the (contracted, plural)
• col : with the (contracted)
• coi : with the (contracted)
• co' : with the (contracted, less common form)

§ Highly Frequent & Everyday Words (Common Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs, Interjections)

• fa : does / makes (he/she/it) [fare ]
• va : goes (he/she/it)
• sa : knows (he/she/it) [sapere ]
• so : know (I) [sapere ]
• sta : is / stays (he/she/it)
• sto : stay (I)
• dà : gives (he/she/it) [dare ]
• sei : six / are (you, singular informal)
• fai : do / make (you, singular informal)
• amo : I love
• era : was (he/she/it, imperfect) / era (time period)
• ero : was (I, imperfect)
• fui : was (I, past historic)
• fu : was (he/she/it, past historic)
• sia : may be / be it (subjunctive)
• sii : be! (imperative, singular informal)
• mio : my (masculine singular)
• mia : my (feminine singular)
• tuo : your (masculine singular, informal)
• tua : your (feminine singular, informal)
• suo : his / her / its (masculine singular)
• sua : his / her / its (feminine singular)
• sé : himself / herself / itself / themselves (reflexive stressed)
• sì : yes
• no : no
• poi : then
• qui : here
• qua : here
• ora : hour / now
• mai : never
• via : street / way / away!
• ben : well
• mal : bad / evil
• ah : ah!
• oh : oh!
• eh : eh!
• beh : well...
• mo' : now (colloquial)
• po' : a little (colloquial for 'poco')
• ehi : hey!
• chi : who
• tre : three
• due : two
• dio : god
• ore : hours
• cui : whose / whom / which (relative pronoun)
• dir : to say / to tell (infinitive, often as "il dire") [dire ]
• far : to do / to make (infinitive, often as "il fare")
• don : gift / Don (title)
• san : Saint (before consonant)
• re : king / re (musical note)
• do : I give / do (musical note)
• ve : you (plural object pronoun, atonic)

§ Common & Widely Understood Words

• bar : bar (cafe/pub)
• sud : south
• blu : blue
• bus : bus
• gas : gas
• oro : gold
• sci : ski
• tè : tea
• ago : needle
• ala : wing
• ape : bee
• eco : echo
• ego : ego
• gol : goal (sports)
• neo : mole (on skin) / neo- (prefix)
• oca : goose
• pro : pro (in favor of)
• sol : sun (poetic) / G (musical note)
• sub : diver / sub- (prefix)
• usa : uses (he/she/it uses)
• uso : use / custom / I use
• uva : grape / grapes (collective)
• zoo : zoo
• zia : aunt
• zio : uncle
• ira : wrath
• est : east
• eta : age
• fon : hair dryer
• gin : gin (drink)
• gru : crane (machine/bird)
• ics : X (the letter)
• mie : my (feminine plural)
• tue : your (feminine plural, informal)
• sue : his / her / its (feminine plural)
• ali : wings
• api : bees
• bel : beautiful (masculine singular, before consonant)
• bei : beautiful (masculine plural)
• oli : oils
• omo- : omo- (prefix, e.g., omosessuale)
• pan- : pan- (prefix, e.g., panitaliano)
• osa : dares (he/she/it dares)
• osi : dare (you dare, singular informal)
• oso : daring / I dare
• son : sound / bran

§ Moderately Frequent or More Context-Specific Words

• alt : halt! (command)
• ara : altar / (he/she/it) ploughs
• bai : bay horses (plural)
• bue : ox
• bui : dark (plural adjective)
• dia : may (he/she/it) give (subjunctive)
• use : may (he/she/it) use (subjunctive of usare)
• usi : customs / habits / (you) use